# Calf muscle function and mortality risk research

> Live situation record from CLSTR: https://clstr.news/situations/calf-muscle-function-and-mortality-risk-research
> Updated: 2026-09-10T08:46:09.000Z. Sources: 6. Developments: 3.

Research identifies the calf muscle pump as a ‘second heart’ that is essential for blood circulation by compressing veins to push blood upward against gravity. 

Studies from the Mayo Clinic and other researchers have linked impaired calf muscle function to significantly increased mortality risks. Data indicates that individuals with deficient pump function face mortality rates as high as 17.5% to 18% over a ten-year period, compared to approximately 6% for those with normal function. Some research suggests that weak pump function can more than double the risk of death.

A 2020 study conducted by Mayo Clinic researchers analyzed the medical records of 2,728 adults who underwent vascular examinations. The findings confirmed that after ten years, 18 percent of individuals with impaired calf pump function had died, compared to only 6 percent of those with good pump function. A functional calf muscle pump also helps prevent venous issues such as swollen ankles, leg pain, and a feeling of heaviness.

To support this function, experts recommend physical activities such as walking, running, climbing stairs, and strength training. For those remaining seated for long periods, simple movements like performing heel raises can improve circulation and may assist in regulating blood glucose and fat metabolism.

## Timeline

### 2026-09-10: Mayo Clinic study links calf muscle function to mortality risk

Mayo Clinic research suggests that impaired calf muscle pump function, which aids venous blood return, is linked to a higher mortality risk compared to individuals with healthy calf muscle function.

2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/mayo-clinic-study-links-calf-muscle-function-to-mortality-risk

### 2026-09-02: Calf muscle health and its role in blood circulation

The calf muscle acts as a ‘second heart’ by pumping blood toward the heart. Maintaining calf strength through exercise is linked to better circulation, lower mortality risks, and improved glucose processing.

2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/calf-muscle-health-and-its-role-in-blood-circulation

### 2026-08-31: Calf muscle function linked to lower mortality risk

Studies from the Mayo Clinic suggest that calf muscle pump function is critical for circulation, noting that impaired function is linked to significantly higher mortality risks.

2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/calf-muscle-function-linked-to-lower-mortality-risk

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Cite as: Calf muscle function and mortality risk research. CLSTR, https://clstr.news/situations/calf-muscle-function-and-mortality-risk-research