# Global critical mineral demand and supply risks > Live situation record from CLSTR: https://clstr.news/situations/global-critical-mineral-demand-and-supply-risks > Updated: 2026-09-06T16:40:00.000Z. Sources: 17. Developments: 5. Global demand for critical minerals is rising due to the transition toward renewable energy, electric vehicles, and digital infrastructure. While life cycle assessments suggest the climate benefits of net-zero technologies outweigh the environmental costs of extraction, the transition faces significant supply chain vulnerabilities due to concentrated production. The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts that copper demand could increase by approximately 7 million tons by 2040, with a potential 25 percent supply deficit by 2035. Recent assessments indicate that the expansion of data centers for artificial intelligence and cloud computing is intensifying pressure on the supply of copper, aluminum, lithium, cobalt, and rare earth elements. In the United Kingdom, the Critical Minerals Intelligence Centre (CMIC) has highlighted that this surge necessitates addressing vulnerabilities to protect national security and the digital economy. Securing these supply chains is increasingly viewed as essential for national security and modern warfare capabilities. Access to minerals like graphite and rare earth elements is vital for military systems, munitions, and rapid rearmament. Nations controlling refining processes and mineral sources may use trade bans or embargoes to hinder rivals, a tactic previously utilized by China to impact competitor military development. In the United States, Alaska is noted as holding resources for 57 of the 60 most important critical minerals. Technological developments are emerging to address these pressures. Researchers at Battelle have demonstrated a biotechnology-based method using engineered calcium-binding proteins to separate rare earth elements, achieving over 90% purity and yield for lanthanum and neodymium. Despite these advancements, geopolitical and environmental tensions persist. In the South Pacific, researchers with the Pacific Ocean Climate Crisis Assessment (POCCA) have urged the United Nations to pause deep sea mining to prevent ecosystem damage. ## Claims - Pacific governments face risks of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) claims if they alter deep-sea mining regulations. (single source) - Commercial deep-sea mining in the Pacific could commence as early as 2027. (single source) - A lack of international governance frameworks leaves Pacific nations negotiating individually against well-resourced mining interests. (single source) - U.S.-China competition for critical minerals is driving interest in Pacific seabed resources. (single source) ## Timeline ### 2026-09-06: Critical mineral supply chains essential for national security Securing critical mineral supply chains is vital for national defense and economic stability, as control over strategic resources like rare earth elements can impact military readiness and munitions production. 2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/critical-mineral-supply-chains-essential-for-national-security ### 2026-09-01: Critical mineral supply chains face technological and demand pressures New biotech research offers a way to separate rare earth elements, while UK reports highlight supply chain pressures driven by the rising demand for data centres, AI, and quantum computing. 3 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/critical-mineral-supply-chains-face-technological-and-demand-pressures ### 2026-08-24: Pacific nations face risks from deep-sea mining Pacific nations face environmental and legal risks as deep-sea mining could begin by 2027 amid a lack of global regulations and intensifying competition for critical minerals. 7 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/critical-mineral-demand-drives-deep-sea-mining-risks-and-geopolitical-tension ### 2026-08-23: Critical minerals drive global technological development Critical minerals like copper and lithium are essential for modern technology, including electric vehicles and renewable energy, with copper facing a potential 25 percent supply deficit by 2035. 3 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/critical-minerals-drive-global-technological-development ### 2026-08-19: Critical mineral demand rises amid energy and digital transitions The shift to clean energy and digital infrastructure is driving massive demand for critical minerals, creating environmental trade-offs and strategic supply chain vulnerabilities due to resource concentration. 2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/critical-mineral-demand-rises-amid-energy-and-digital-transitions --- Cite as: Global critical mineral demand and supply risks. CLSTR, https://clstr.news/situations/global-critical-mineral-demand-and-supply-risks