# Impact of aerobic exercise on neural and immune systems > Developing situation record from CLSTR: https://clstr.news/situations/impact-of-aerobic-exercise-on-neural-and-immune-systems > Updated: 2026-11-01T10:53:10.000Z. Sources: 6. Developments: 2. Research published in Autonomic Neuroscience indicates that regular aerobic exercise can restructure neural clusters that control heart activity. A study involving researchers from the United Kingdom and Brazil used three-dimensional stereological analysis on mice to observe changes in the stellate ganglia. Over a 10-week period of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, scientists found significant structural changes in these nerves, which transmit sympathetic signals to regulate heart rate and electrical activity. Subsequent findings expanded on these physiological impacts, noting that exercise causes structural rearrangements in neurons regulating heart function, with observed asymmetries in neuron size between the left and right sides of the body. Additionally, research involving the Chinese Immune Multi-omics Atlas (CIMA) demonstrated that systematic exercise reshapes the immune system. Comparisons between active and sedentary individuals showed that regular training enhances glucose and lipid metabolism and increases antioxidant levels. The research specifically noted an increase in the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells, which are essential for neutralizing pathogens or mutated cells. ## Timeline ### 2026-11-01: Scientific studies reveal exercise impacts heart neurons and immune response New studies show that regular exercise causes structural changes in heart-regulating neurons and enhances immune cell activity, including T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. 2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/scientific-studies-reveal-exercise-impacts-heart-neurons-and-immune-response ### 2026-10-29: Exercise impacts neural structures controlling heart function A multi-university study reveals that regular aerobic exercise restructures the neural clusters in the stellate ganglia that regulate heart rate and electrical activity. 4 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/exercise-impacts-neural-structures-controlling-heart-function --- Cite as: Impact of aerobic exercise on neural and immune systems. CLSTR, https://clstr.news/situations/impact-of-aerobic-exercise-on-neural-and-immune-systems