# MIT development of ingestible paper batteries > Live situation record from CLSTR: https://clstr.news/situations/mit-development-of-ingestible-paper-batteries > Updated: 2026-09-25T02:43:47.000Z. Sources: 12. Developments: 2. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a bioresorbable, paper-based battery intended to power ingestible medical devices before dissolving safely within the body. Detailed in the journal Nature Chemical Engineering, the technology utilizes a magnesium alloy anode, a molybdenum trioxide cathode, and a biodegradable electrolyte supported by cellulose nanofibrils. To protect the device from gastric acid, the batteries are coated in natural waxes such as beeswax or candelilla wax. In preclinical trials involving pigs, the batteries functioned for up to three days, providing a peak voltage of 1.84 volts. The technology has been tested to power a wireless RFID tag for medication adherence monitoring and a capsule for electrical stomach stimulation to influence hunger hormones. The battery is available in two sizes: a small version for standard gelatin capsules and a larger version with a maximum capacity of 3.5 milliampere-hours. While the development aims to eliminate the need for surgical retrieval of power sources, researchers noted that further work is required to address electrolyte distribution, coating thickness, and long-term human safety before clinical testing can proceed. ## Timeline ### 2026-09-25: MIT researchers develop ingestible paper battery for medical devices MIT researchers have developed a biodegradable, paper-thin battery that can be ingested to power medical devices before dissolving in the digestive tract. 2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/mit-researchers-develop-ingestible-paper-battery-for-medical-devices ### 2026-09-22: MIT researchers develop swallowable paper battery for medical devices MIT researchers have developed a swallowable, paper-based battery that powers medical devices and safely dissolves in the body, potentially eliminating the need for surgical retrieval of implants. 10 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/researchers-develop-ingestible-paper-battery-for-medical-devices --- Cite as: MIT development of ingestible paper batteries. CLSTR, https://clstr.news/situations/mit-development-of-ingestible-paper-batteries