# Scientific research into diabetes subtypes

> Live situation record from CLSTR: https://clstr.news/situations/scientific-research-into-diabetes-subtypes
> Updated: 2026-09-08T14:12:36.000Z. Sources: 6. Developments: 3.

Recent scientific research suggests that diabetes may not be a uniform condition but rather a collection of biologically distinct subtypes. 

In France, researchers identified four immune profiles in type 2 diabetes patients: Severe Inflammatory Diabetes (SIND), Mild Inflammatory Diabetes (MIND), Lymphocyte-Rich Diabetes (LYRD), and Lymphocyte-Deficient Diabetes (LYDD). Using blood tests to identify these profiles could allow for personalized medicine and the prediction of cardiovascular and renal complications up to five years in advance.

Simultaneously, a large-scale international genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom indicates that type 1 diabetes may consist of at least two distinct subtypes. By analyzing genetic profiles HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 in a study of 9,091 individuals with type 1 diabetes, researchers found that the genetic differences between these groups are significant. 

Findings published in the journal Diabetologia suggest these differences are as substantial as the distinction between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Distinguishing between these subtypes could lead to more personalized treatments and a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms driving the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. These findings across both type 1 and type 2 diabetes point toward a future of more precisely tailored therapeutic approaches.

## Timeline

### 2026-09-08: Genetic study identifies two distinct subtypes of type 1 diabetes

A major international study published in Diabetologia suggests type 1 diabetes may consist of two distinct genetic subtypes, potentially allowing for more personalized medical treatments.

2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/genetic-study-identifies-two-distinct-subtypes-of-type-1-diabetes

### 2026-09-06: Genetic study suggests type 1 diabetes may be two distinct diseases

A major US and UK genetic study suggests type 1 diabetes may be two distinct biological diseases based on HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 genetic signatures, potentially enabling personalized treatments.

2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/genetic-study-suggests-type-1-diabetes-may-be-two-distinct-diseases

### 2026-09-03: French researchers identify four immune subtypes of type 2 diabetes

French researchers have identified four immune subtypes of type 2 diabetes using blood tests, enabling personalized medicine to predict complications like renal and cardiovascular issues up to five years in-adv

2 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/french-researchers-identify-four-immune-subtypes-of-type-2-diabetes

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Cite as: Scientific research into diabetes subtypes. CLSTR, https://clstr.news/situations/scientific-research-into-diabetes-subtypes