# Spain 2025 electrical blackout recovery investigation > Developing situation record from CLSTR: https://clstr.news/situations/spain-2025-electrical-blackout-recovery-investigation > Updated: 2026-10-23T11:52:07.000Z. Sources: 11. Developments: 2. Following a nationwide blackout on April 28, 2025, the National Commission on Markets and Competition (CNMC) conducted an investigation into the restoration of the electrical supply. While the regulator characterized the 16-hour recovery process as “rápida y eficaz” (fast and effective), the findings revealed systemic coordination failures. The CNMC issued a formal warning to Red Eléctrica, noting that certain power stations included in contingency plans were unavailable during the crisis, forcing operators to rely on alternative facilities. The investigation highlighted issues with precarious communications and the use of untested protocols. Specific deficiencies were identified regarding hydroelectric plants with autonomous start capabilities. Although these plants passed individual tests, the CNMC found that the process had not been tested in an integral manner, such as through the progressive connection of consumers. Additionally, some power plants attempted to supply electricity to network segments too small to maintain stability, leading to vibrations and disconnections. ## Timeline ### 2026-10-23: Red Eléctrica warned by CNMC over coordination failures during blackout Spain's CNMC has issued a formal warning to Red Eléctrica for coordination failures and the unavailability of key power stations during the April 2025 nationwide blackout. 3 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/red-elctrica-warned-by-cnmc-over-coordination-failures-during-blackout ### 2026-10-20: CNMC identifies coordination failures in 2025 blackout recovery The CNMC report on the 2025 blackout found the 16-hour power restoration was effective but revealed critical coordination failures and untested protocols in the electrical system. 8 sources. https://clstr.news/cluster/cnmc-identifies-coordination-failures-in-2025-blackout-recovery --- Cite as: Spain 2025 electrical blackout recovery investigation. CLSTR, https://clstr.news/situations/spain-2025-electrical-blackout-recovery-investigation