20th‑Century Political Transformations: Soviet Communism's Death Toll and the UN's Founding

An analysis of the human cost of 20th‑century communist regimes estimates that the Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin caused between 9 million and 30 million deaths, while Maoist China contributed 44.5‑72 million deaths and Cambodia's Khmer Rouge added further millions. The piece highlights the scale of suffering and enduring poverty linked to these regimes.

A separate historical review reflects on President Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1945 address that paved the way for the United Nations. It recounts the Yalta agreements, the drafting of the UN Charter in San Francisco, and the organization's achievements in human‑rights advocacy, decolonisation, development, and peacekeeping, while noting that over 285 armed conflicts have erupted since its inception.