2G and 3G network shutdowns threaten IoT and emergency systems

Telecommunications operators are progressively decommissioning 2G and 3G networks to repurpose radio spectrum for 4G and 5G technologies. This transition is driven by the need to optimize limited and expensive frequency bands, improve energy efficiency, and address security vulnerabilities inherent in older infrastructures.

While most modern smartphones are compatible with newer standards, the shutdown poses significant risks to the Internet of Things (IoT). Critical devices such as home alarms, vending machines, payment terminals, and emergency teleassistance systems may become non-functional if they rely on these legacy networks. Notably, in Spain, a large number of elevators utilize 2G networks for emergency calls, presenting a potential safety concern.

In Spain, the transition is gradual. While 3G is being prioritized for disconnection, 2G may be maintained longer as a safety net. Current projections suggest a total shutdown could be completed between 2026 and 2027. Despite these concerns, coverage for 4G and 5G remains high, with 4G available to 99.99% of the Spanish population.