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450P/LONEOS centaur observed transforming into a comet

Astronomers have observed the first-ever transformation of a centaur—a frozen celestial body located between Jupiter and Neptune—into an active comet. The object, identified as 450P/LONEOS, was originally discovered in 2004.

Orbital analysis indicates that the object's trajectory changed in 1992 after passing within approximately 4.6 million kilometers of Saturn. This gravitational interaction pushed the object into a closer orbit toward the Sun, causing its frozen layers to heat up.

Observations from the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii detected a cloud of gas and dust surrounding the object's core. Further data from the James Webb Space Telescope identified the presence of crystallized ice particles and carbon dioxide gas. Scientists determined that at this distance from the Sun, carbon dioxide is the primary driver of the gas release and comet-like activity, as water vapor is not yet present. Researchers believe future gravitational influences from planets could eventually transition 450P into a Jupiter-family comet.

Entities

450P/LONEOS · Gemini North telescope · James Webb Space Telescope · Jupiter · Saturn

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