84% of Nations Fail to Identify Biodiversity‑Harming Subsidies by 2025

A Carbon Brief analysis shows that 84% of countries missed the 2025 target to identify subsidies that damage biodiversity under the Kunming‑Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Of the 134 national reports submitted to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, only 21 countries said they had completed the identification process.

The report estimates that the 32 countries that did identify such subsidies spend about $270 billion each year on incentives that harm biodiversity, chiefly in fossil fuels, agriculture, forestry, mining and fishing. The global goal is to reform or phase out at least $500 billion of these harmful subsidies by 2030.

Many nations, including Colombia, provided no information, while 68 reports made no mention of the process. Experts warn that the lack of standard definitions and methodologies—described as "the tip of the iceberg"—makes it difficult to gauge the full impact, underscoring the urgency of clearer reporting standards.