Acute Respiratory Infection remains a major health concern in Indonesia

Acute Respiratory Infection (ISPA) remains one of the ten most common diseases in Indonesia, according to data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The infection affects the respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, throat, and lungs, and is primarily caused by viruses, though bacteria can also be a factor.

Declining air quality, particularly in urban areas, is identified as a major risk factor contributing to the surge in cases. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, or via contaminated hands touching the face.

Common symptoms include cough, runny nose, sore throat, fever, and muscle aches. While many cases are mild, more serious symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, or bluish lips require immediate medical attention.