ADHD linked to 71% higher risk of premature death

A large-scale meta-analysis published in JAMA Network Open has found that individuals diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) face a 71% higher risk of premature death compared to those without the condition. The review analyzed data from 19 observational studies involving approximately 16 million people across multiple continents.

The research highlights increased mortality across several categories. The risk of death by suicide was 89% higher, while the risk of death from intentional or unintentional injuries, such as motor vehicle accidents, was 55% higher. Additionally, there was a 27% higher risk of death from natural causes, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Researchers noted that elevated natural mortality may be linked to challenges with executive function, which can make managing chronic conditions and medical appointments difficult, as well as higher rates of smoking and substance use.

Crucially, the study found that prescription ADHD medication may offer a protective benefit. Individuals with ADHD who were taking prescribed medication had a 25% lower risk of death from any cause compared to those who were not medicated, suggesting that effective treatment can mitigate some of the behavioral and health risks associated with the disorder.