AFL-CIO warns electronic shelf labels could impact retail jobs and wages

A report by the AFL-CIO Technology Institute warns that the widespread adoption of electronic shelf labels (ESLs) in the retail sector could jeopardize between 44,223 and 191,633 jobs. The organization estimates that the automation of tasks traditionally performed by staff could result in annual wage losses ranging from $1.6 billion to $6.9 billion.

Beyond labor concerns, the report expresses apprehension regarding the potential for retailers to implement dynamic or “surveillance pricing.” This would allow for price adjustments based on demand, weather, or consumer data. Lauren McFerran, executive director of the AFL-CIO Technology Institute, has called on policymakers to restrict the technology to protect both workers and shoppers.

Major retailers including Walmart, Kroger, and Whole Foods are currently rolling out digital labeling technology. Walmart has stated it plans to install the labels in all 4,600 of its US stores by the end of 2026. The company has rejected claims that the technology is intended for personalized pricing, asserting that the labels simply replace paper tickets and allow employees to focus on restocking and customer service.