Africa democracy declines due to conflict and coups

The 2026 Global State of Democracy (GSoD) report, published by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), indicates a continued decline in democracy across Africa between 2020 and 2025. Driven by armed conflict, military coups, and restricted elections, the Africa and West Asia regions recorded 106 significant declines in democratic performance, compared to 53 advances.

Key areas of decline include rights and representation, specifically regarding elected governments, access to justice, credible elections, effective parliaments, and civil liberties. These five factors accounted for 57 percent of all declines in the region. The report also notes that judicial independence weakened across the continent more than in any other region during this period.

Specific country findings include:

• Burkina Faso and Niger: Declines are linked to the entrenchment of military rule and the dissolution of democratic institutions. • Togo: The report cites state repression of protests, attacks on press freedom, and alleged electoral irregularities. • Tanzania: The 2025 election was marked by an internet shutdown, violence against journalists and protesters, and the abduction and torture of opposition figures. Post-election violence resulted in an estimated 700 deaths, and observers noted the disqualification of candidates and the trial of opposition leader Tundu Lissu on treason charges.