African elephants may use medicinal plants, study finds

A study conducted in Mount Elgon, Kenya, suggests that African elephants may consume specific plants for medicinal purposes to treat ailments. Published in Scientific Reports, the research is based on long-term observations and testimonies from local experts regarding elephant behavior in the region.

Researchers documented 35 plant species across 23 families, along with various soils, minerals, and clays. Of these, 25 plants were identified as having potential medicinal functions. Notable species include Aloe arborescens, Bersama abyssinica, Coleus barbatus, and several species of the genus Dombeya.

Eight specific plants were categorized as resources elephants seek when showing visible signs of illness. The study also noted behaviors where female elephants may mix certain plants with their milk before feeding it to their calves, interpreted as a form of medicinal care. Many of the plants identified overlap with species used in local traditional medicine and have documented pharmacological properties. Researchers noted that proving self-medication in wild animals remains a complex challenge.