Air pollution linked to early menstruation and pregnancy risks

Research from Emory and Harvard Universities indicates that high levels of air pollution are linked to the premature onset of menstruation in girls. A study published in Environmental Health Perspectives, involving over 5,200 girls aged 10 to 17, found that those exposed to excess PM 2.5 particles before birth or during childhood experienced menstruation at an average age of 12 years and 3 months.

Scientists warn that early menstruation may increase the long-term risk of gynecological diseases, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Professor Audrey Gaskins noted that rapid chemical changes in the environment can influence the speed of physical development in young girls.

In addition to developmental impacts, air pollution poses significant risks to pregnant women, particularly in regions like Delhi-NCR. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and nitrogen dioxide is associated with increased risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, pregnancy-related high blood pressure, and gestational diabetes. These pollutants can trigger inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially interfering with placental function and the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.