Air pollution linked to increased risk of glaucoma and cataracts

A new study led by Dr. Ahmed Al-Nebihy of the King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Riyadh indicates a significant link between air pollution and an increased risk of eye diseases. By analyzing 41 studies involving millions of people, researchers found that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5)—commonly found in smoke, vehicle exhaust, and industrial pollution—is associated with higher rates of glaucoma and cataracts.

Findings suggest that individuals living in highly polluted areas face up to a 70 percent higher risk of developing glaucoma compared to those in cleaner environments. While cataracts also show a consistent increase in risk in polluted regions, the evidence regarding age-related macular degeneration remains less certain. It is believed that fine particles cause inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially damaging the optic nerve or the lens over time.

Researchers emphasize that these findings highlight the need for stricter air quality standards and urban interventions, such as increasing green spaces and reducing traffic congestion, to mitigate these health risks.