Air pollution linked to oral tissue damage and gum disease

Research conducted by scientists from São Paulo State University (UNESP) and the University of São Paulo indicates that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can cause significant damage to oral tissues and exacerbate periodontal disease.

In a controlled study, mice were exposed to polluted air collected from the Doutor Arnaldo Avenue area in São Paulo. The findings, published in the journal ‘Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health’, revealed that PM2.5 exposure intensifies inflammation in periodontal tissues and accelerates the loss of alveolar bone, which is the structure that supports the teeth.

Beyond gum health, the study identified unexpected changes in the oral mucosa, specifically the tissue lining the tongue. Researchers observed thickening of the tongue tissue, increased keratin deposition, and a higher number of degranulated mast cells. These structural changes, alongside increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, suggest that the oral mucosa is highly sensitive to air pollution.