Alpine wildlife faces threats from heat and drought

Alpine wildlife species are increasingly vulnerable to extreme heat and drought, according to Florian Kunz of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (Boku). Species adapted to cold environments, such as chamois, ibex, marmots, and ptarmigans, face significant challenges because they cannot migrate to higher altitudes to escape the heat, as suitable habitats like alpine meadows no longer exist above them.

To cope with rising temperatures, many animals are forced to alter their behavior. Marmots spend more time in their burrows to avoid daytime heat, which reduces the time available for feeding, reproduction, and establishing territory. Ibex seek out narrow, shaded canyons, while chamois may move toward forest springs. Some animals, like marmots, may sit on cool stones to dissipate body heat.

Drought also impacts the food supply. Reduced plant growth and changes in nutritional content mean herbivores receive less protein, water, and minerals. This scarcity extends to young animals, as parents struggle to find sufficient food. Predators must also adjust their hunting strategies due to these shifting ecological patterns.