Alzheimer's disease: Early detection and new therapies

Neurologists indicate that frequent and repetitive memory lapses in individuals aged 60 to 65 may signal the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Early detection is critical as it allows access to anti-amyloid therapies available in Brazil, such as donanemab and lecanemab. Unlike conventional treatments that only manage symptoms, these monoclonal antibodies target the underlying pathology to stabilize the disease or slow its progression.

To qualify for these treatments, patients must be in the stages of mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. The protocol requires brain MRI scans and proof of beta-amyloid protein accumulation via amyloid PET scans or cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Additionally, genetic testing for apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is required, as the ApoE E4/E4 genotype contraindicates use due to high complication risks.

Beyond pharmacological interventions, medical experts emphasize physical exercise as the most scientifically proven preventive measure. Other recommended strategies include maintaining a healthy diet, cognitive stimulation, social interaction, and controlling risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption.