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[INTERNATIONAL] · Brazil · 22 sources

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Amazon Indigenous lands face rapid gold mining expansion

A new analysis by the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM) reveals that illegal gold mining is expanding at an alarming rate in the Brazilian Amazon, with the most significant growth occurring on Indigenous lands. Between 1985 and 2024, the total area affected by gold mining in the Amazon increased 20-fold, while the area within Indigenous territories expanded 24-fold. Specifically, mining on Indigenous lands grew nearly sevenfold between 2016 and 2024.

This mining surge, driven by record-high gold prices, creates compounding risks for Indigenous communities. The expansion of mining activities overlaps with increasing climate extremes, such as droughts and heatwaves, which threaten access to water, food, and healthcare. The use of mercury to separate gold from ore causes widespread water contamination that spreads through watersheds, affecting communities even outside direct mining zones.

Nearly 90% of the affected mining area is concentrated in just three territories, including the Munduruku Indigenous Territory in the state of Para. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has recently conducted hearings in the region to assess Brazil's compliance with measures intended to protect Indigenous rights following reports that illegal miners have returned to these territories.

Entities

Amazon · Amazon Environmental Research Institute · Amazon rainforest · Brazil · IPAM · Institute of Environmental Affairs in the Amazon · Institute of Environmental Research of the Amazon · Inter-American Court of Human Rights · Munduruku Indigenous Territory · Ray Pinheiro

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