American bison recovery marks major conservation milestone

The American bison has undergone a significant recovery following near-extinction in the late 19th century. Historical estimates suggest that while as many as 75 million bison once roamed North America, the population plummeted to fewer than 200 individuals by 1890 due to widespread slaughter.

In Yellowstone National Park, the bison population has transitioned from the brink of disappearance to a thriving herd. Jessica Bowron, acting director of the National Park Service, described the recovery as an “incredible conservation story” achieved through decades of scientific work and cooperation with Tribal, state, local, and federal partners.

Through the Bison Conservation Transfer Program, the National Park Service is now working to expand these populations. Since 2019, more than 600 bison have been relocated to 29 tribes across 13 states to help establish conservation herds, with over 200 transfers occurring in 2026 alone.