Amsterdam Island cattle DNA reveals unique genetic lineage

Genetic analysis of a cattle herd on Amsterdam Island, a remote French territory in the southern Indian Ocean, has provided new insights into evolutionary adaptation. The herd originated in 1871 when a farmer from La Réunion left five cows on the island.

Over the following century, the population grew significantly, reaching nearly 2,000 animals by 1952. However, the presence of the cattle caused ecological damage, including the destruction of the rare Phylica arborea tree and the trampling of Amsterdam albatross nests. To protect the fragile ecosystem, the cattle were gradually eradicated, with the last individual removed in 2010.

Researchers from INRAE, the University of Liège, and other institutions analyzed DNA samples collected from the animals in 1992 and 2006. The genomic sequencing revealed a distinct lineage composition: approximately 75% European taurine and 25% zebu. This finding offers scientific clarity regarding the genetic makeup of the isolated population.