APOE2 gene boosts DNA repair and lowers Alzheimer's risk, study shows

Researchers at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging used human stem‑cell‑derived neurons and mouse models to compare the effects of different APOE gene variants. They found that neurons carrying the APOE2 variant repair DNA damage more efficiently and resist cellular senescence, while APOE4 neurons show greater damage and aging signs. Adding APOE2 protein to APOE4 neurons reduced DNA damage in laboratory tests. The findings, published in the journal Aging Cell, suggest a new therapeutic pathway for Alzheimer's disease focused on enhancing DNA repair mechanisms.

The study highlights why carriers of APOE2 tend to live longer and have a lower incidence of Alzheimer’s, contrasting with the higher risk associated with APOE4. Future drug development may aim to mimic APOE2’s protective effects.