Artificial intelligence transforms meteorological forecasting and data requirements

Artificial intelligence is transforming meteorological forecasting by enabling the processing of massive datasets to identify atmospheric patterns and anticipate extreme weather events. This technology supports critical sectors including agribusiness, energy, logistics, and public management.

Experts emphasize that the efficacy of AI systems is strictly dependent on the quality of the underlying data. Reliable information requires precise sensors, proper equipment installation, regular calibration, and consistent data transmission. As Rodnei Miotto, executive director of RoMiotto Indústria e Comércio de Instrumentos de Medição, notes, AI can identify patterns, but inconsistent or incorrect data will compromise the resulting analysis.

In Portugal, the IPMA (Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera) has begun integrating AI to accelerate calculations and complement traditional numerical models. While AI can process decades of historical data to recognize patterns more quickly than physical models alone, human meteorologists remain essential for interpreting results and deciding when to issue official warnings. This integration follows the implementation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System in 2025.