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Indigenous Australian pre-colonial population estimated at 2.22 million

New research published in Nature Human Behaviour suggests that Australia’s pre-colonial Indigenous population was significantly larger than previously estimated, with a median population of approximately 2.22 million people. This contradicts earlier estimates that typically placed the population between 250,000 and 1 million.

The study utilizes archaeological evidence, genetic data, historical observations, and computer modeling to reconstruct these figures. Researchers estimate that approximately 93% of the Indigenous population was lost in the 80 years following the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788. This demographic collapse is attributed to infectious diseases, frontier violence, and the effects of colonial invasion.

Specific modeling regarding a 1789 smallpox outbreak originating in Sydney indicates the epidemic may have caused between 40,000 and 220,000 deaths among Indigenous Australians in south-eastern coastal regions and along major river systems. The research, involving the Gujaga Foundation of the Dharawal Nation, highlights the devastating impact of colonial exposure on First Nations communities.

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Aborigines · Alfred Radcliffe-Brown · Australia · Cody Nitschke · Dharawal Nation · Flinders University · Gujaga Foundation · Nature Human Behaviour · Torres Strait Islanders

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