Australian researchers develop mini‑brain models to study multiple sclerosis repair

Australian scientists at The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health are using laboratory‑grown three‑dimensional brain organoids, termed “mini brains,” to investigate how myelin forms and how it might be repaired in multiple sclerosis (MS). The project, led by Dr Samantha Barton, is funded through MS Australia’s 2026 Mid‑Year MS Research Grants Round and employs human stem cells to create the models, offering a way to study myelin development that is not possible with conventional lab methods or animal models.

Current MS therapies reduce relapses and slow disease activity but cannot restore the neurological damage already incurred. By analysing the genes and pathways involved in myelin formation, the researchers hope to identify new strategies for myelin regeneration. MS Australia’s Deputy Head of Research, Dr Fiona McKay, highlighted that repairing damaged myelin was the top priority identified by people living with MS, and described the work as essential for developing the next generation of treatments.