Automakers Push Into Humanoid Robots, Targeting Factory and Consumer Markets

Several major automakers are accelerating development of humanoid robots, leveraging their scale, supply‑chain depth and autonomous‑driving expertise. Tesla plans limited commercialization of its Optimus robot in 2026 with volume shipments in 2027, while Hyundai, through Boston Dynamics, aims to produce up to 30,000 Atlas units annually by 2028 and has already deployed thousands internally. China‑based firms such as XPeng, which showcased its IRON robot in 2025 and targets mass production by the end of 2026, and Chery, which delivered 220 Moyin robots in 2025 at roughly US$41,000 each, are also moving toward commercial sales. Other OEMs including BYD, Li Auto, Xiaomi and GAC are exploring similar platforms. Analysts project a timeline in which humanoids replace blue‑collar workers on structured factory tasks within 1‑3 years, expand to logistics, retail and public‑service roles in 3‑5 years, and eventually enter household assistance. The push is driven by goals to raise productivity and open new revenue streams, while raising concerns about significant labor disruption.

The rollout highlights a broader shift as automakers apply vehicle‑technology know‑how to embodied AI, potentially reshaping manufacturing and service sectors worldwide.