Automotive industry responses to historical oil crises

Historical automotive developments during the era of the oil crises are highlighted through two distinct manufacturer approaches.

In 1981, Citroën launched the ECO 2000 research program to address rising fuel prices. This initiative, partially funded by the French government, aimed to develop vehicles capable of consuming only 2 liters per 100 kilometers. Between 1982 and 1984, the program produced four lightweight, aerodynamic prototypes that eventually influenced the design of the Citroën AX.

In contrast, BMW released the 2002 Turbo in 1973. Despite the onset of the first oil shock and calls for fuel sobriety, BMW introduced this turbocharged compact sedan, which featured a 170 hp M31 engine. As the brand's first production turbocharged model, it represented a high-performance departure from the company's more measured compact series.