Bacteriophages use genetic hotspots to evolve against bacteria

Researchers at Michigan State University have identified a new evolutionary mechanism in bacteriophages, also known as phages, which could aid in the fight against antibiotic-resistant superbugs. A study published in Nature Microbiology reveals that certain viruses living in the human gut possess genetic ‘hotspots’ within their genomes.

These specific regions allow phages to rapidly generate genetic variants among their offspring during reproduction. Instead of producing genetically identical copies, the viruses create a diverse population with varying traits. This diversity increases the likelihood that some phages will successfully infect and destroy bacteria even if the bacteria attempt to develop defensive countermeasures.

Co-author Chris Waters noted that this discovery changes the scientific understanding of phage evolution, as these viruses do not merely hijack host cells to create exact replicas but instead employ a strategy to ensure survival against bacterial resistance.