Battery technology evolution and the second life of electric vehicle units

Battery technologies are evolving from traditional lead-acid units used for engine ignition to advanced lithium-ion and solid-state systems essential for the energy transition. In conventional vehicles, specialized batteries like EFB and AGM are required for Start-Stop systems to ensure longevity and proper energy management.

Regarding electric vehicles, batteries do not become useless once they lose capacity. When a battery's capacity drops to between 70% and 80%, it may no longer meet the high-performance demands of modern driving, but it remains a functional energy storage system.

These depleted vehicle batteries can enter a “second life” phase. They can be repurposed for stationary energy storage, such as storing surplus electricity from renewable sources like solar or wind power, or for use in residential and industrial settings where weight and energy density are less critical than in automotive applications.