Belgium implements major penal code and vehicle inspection reforms

Belgium has implemented significant legal and regulatory reforms effective September 1. A major overhaul of the criminal code replaces the system dating back to 1867, introducing a graduated scale of eight penalty levels to replace the traditional distinction between crimes and misdemeanors. Under the new code, imprisonment is designated as an “ultimum remedium” (last resort), requiring judges to explicitly justify custodial sentences when alternatives like community service or fines are available.

The new penal code also introduces the crime of ecocide to address exceptionally grave environmental damage and establishes harsher penalties for domestic violence and certain traffic-related deaths. Conversely, outdated provisions such as lèse-majesté and the criminalization of sex work have been removed.

In the mobility sector, Flanders has introduced new rules for vehicle roadworthiness testing. Private cars will now undergo inspections every two years instead of annually, following an initial test after four years. This change does not apply to Brussels or Wallonia, leading to concerns among local garages regarding “inspection tourism,” where motorists may travel to Flanders to take advantage of the less frequent requirements.