BGI Research and Shanxi Medical University identify exercise-driven blood changes

Researchers from the BGI Human Genome Center and Shanxi Medical University have identified specific molecular and cellular signatures in the blood that distinguish regular exercisers from sedentary individuals. Using multi-omics profiling, including plasma lipidomics, metabolomics, and single-cell transcriptomics, the study analyzed blood samples from participants of the Chinese Immune Multi-omics Atlas (CIMA).

The findings reveal that regular physical activity triggers profound biochemical transformations, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and antioxidant-related metabolites. The research also noted differences in immune cell profiles, with some evidence suggesting weaker inflammatory signaling among those who exercise regularly, though a total reduction in systemic inflammation was not definitively established.

These molecular adjustments, including fluctuations in lipid metabolites and circulating microRNAs, represent an adaptive response to metabolic turnover and mechanical stress. The study identifies potential candidate biomarkers and regulatory pathways that may help clarify the biological mechanisms behind how exercise reduces chronic disease risk and enhances metabolic health.