Brazil expands HPV DNA molecular testing through SUS

The Brazilian Ministry of Health has expanded the availability of DNA-HPV molecular testing for the early detection of cervical cancer across 26 states and the Federal District. This technology identifies high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, including types 16 and 18, before lesions develop.

Between 2025 and 2026, approximately 153,000 samples were collected, with 93,000 processed in 2026. Of those, 9,904 results were positive for high-risk HPV. The testing is conducted at Basic Health Units (UBS), with self-collection being an option under professional guidance in specific protocols.

The molecular test is being progressively implemented to replace the Pap smear as the primary detection method, aligning with World Health Organization guidelines. Research from Unicamp indicates that this method can anticipate cancer detection by nearly 10 years, reducing the average screening age from 49.3 to 39.6 years. Espírito Santo is the only state that has not yet implemented the strategy, with materials expected to arrive in 2026.