Brazil faces surge in illegal GLP-1 weight loss drug smuggling

Brazil is experiencing a significant surge in the smuggling and illegal sale of GLP-1 class weight loss medications. According to the Association for Combating Counterfeiting, seizures rose from 609 units in 2024 to 60,787 in 2025.

Health authorities have issued alerts following reports of serious complications and suspected deaths. Between 2018 and August 2026, authorities were notified of 83 deaths under investigation and over 3,600 complications related to these products, with more than 60% of these incidents occurring between 2025 and 2026. Anvisa has warned that improper use can lead to acute pancreatitis, which can be fatal.

Itaú BBA estimates that 51% of sales in this R$ 36.8 billion market come from untracked sources, including smuggling from Paraguay and compounding pharmacies. Illegal versions can cost as little as R$ 400, compared to regulated prices ranging from R$ 1,500 to R$ 1,749. Law enforcement has intercepted large quantities of tirzepatide hidden in unconventional locations, such as inside containers of dulce de leche, motorcycle exhausts, and shoe soles.