Brazil health experts advise against coffee on an empty stomach

Health specialists in Brazil warn that drinking coffee first thing on an empty stomach can irritate the gastric lining, trigger acid reflux and increase the risk of gastritis. The acidity of coffee and its stimulation of stomach acid production may cause heartburn and abdominal discomfort, especially for those with sensitive digestion.

Caffeine also amplifies the natural morning surge of cortisol, which can lead to heightened anxiety, palpitations and a subsequent energy crash. Studies show that ingesting coffee while cortisol levels are still high may lessen the stimulant’s effectiveness and impact blood‑sugar regulation by temporarily reducing insulin sensitivity.

To mitigate these effects, experts recommend eating a source of protein, fiber or complex carbohydrates before the first cup, waiting 30–60 minutes after waking, or hydrating with water first. They also suggest limiting total caffeine intake to about 400 mg per day (roughly three to four cups) and avoiding coffee in the late afternoon or evening to prevent sleep disturbances.