Brazil implements molecular testing for cervical cancer screening

Brazil is implementing significant changes to its cervical cancer prevention and diagnosis protocols. A new legislative proposal, Bill 969/26, seeks to make the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine mandatory within the national immunization schedule. The bill also proposes that the Unified Health System (SUS) transition from traditional Pap smears to more precise molecular testing as the primary method for detecting cervical cancer.

In the state of Bahia, a new phase of screening has already begun with the gradual implementation of molecular DNA-HPV testing. This shift follows updated Brazilian guidelines published in 2025 by the National Cancer Institute (INCA), which establish molecular testing as the primary screening method for women at habitual risk.

These updates aim to address high incidence rates and health inequalities, particularly in the North and Northeast regions. Proponents emphasize that modernizing screening and expanding vaccination coverage will improve early detection, reduce mortality, and provide long-term economic benefits to the public health system.