Brazil: Legal status and public opinion on euthanasia

Euthanasia and assisted death remain prohibited under Brazilian law. While the Penal Code does not have a specific article for euthanasia, the practice can be classified as homicide. Assisted suicide is also illegal under Article 122, which penalizes anyone who induces or assists in a suicide with potential prison sentences of up to six years. This differs from orthothanasia, which is the permitted limitation or suspension of treatments that only prolong life in terminal patients.

A recent Datafolha opinion poll conducted in August 2026 reveals a divided public stance on medically assisted death (MVA) in Brazil. Regarding euthanasia, 45% of respondents are totally opposed and 11% are partially opposed, while 22% are totally in favor and 17% are partially in favor. For assisted suicide, 50% are totally opposed and 10% are partially opposed, while 22% are totally in favor and 13% are partially in favor.

Despite the majority opposition, supporters note that approximately two out of five Brazilians express favorability toward MVA. The debate faces challenges including religious objections and resistance from the medical community. This domestic situation contrasts with recent legislative shifts in other nations, such as France, Uruguay, and Colombia, which have moved toward legalizing forms of assisted death or recognizing the right to a dignified death.