Brazil's democratic mechanisms and legislative roles

In Brazil, the democratic system operates primarily through representative democracy, where elected officials make decisions and create laws on behalf of the population. The legislative branch is divided into federal, state, and municipal levels. At the state level, deputies serve four-year terms with the primary responsibilities of legislating and overseeing government actions. State competence is considered residual, covering matters that do not fall under municipal or federal jurisdiction.

Beyond representative models, the Brazilian Constitution provides mechanisms for direct democracy through plebiscites and referendums. A plebiscite is a consultation held before a legislative or administrative measure is adopted. In contrast, a referendum occurs after a norm has been approved by public authorities, allowing voters to decide whether the measure should take effect. At the national level, these consultations require a legislative decree approved by the National Congress.