Caltech researchers discover jellyfish cancer resistance mechanism

Researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have identified a mechanism that may explain why jellyfish, specifically the moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita), rarely develop cancer.

Using a mathematical model to track cell division, death, and mutation, scientists discovered a process they termed ‘high-flux proofreading’. While rapid cell division typically increases cancer risk due to potential mutations, the study suggests that when cell division and natural cell death (apoptosis) are tightly linked, rapid renewal can actually help the organism identify and remove abnormal cells before they become tumors.

In experiments, moon jellyfish exposed to cancer-causing chemicals did not develop tumors naturally. However, when researchers blocked apoptosis, tumors began to appear. This indicates that the ability to remove damaged cells is a critical component of their biological defense.