Cancer research reveals mechanisms of metastasis and immune evasion

Recent oncological research has highlighted the complex biological mechanisms cancer cells use to spread and evade the immune system. One key process is the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), where tumor cells lose their structural rigidity and adhesion—specifically by reducing E-cadherin expression—to acquire mobility. These cells then use molecular “scissors” known as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade the extracellular matrix, allowing them to migrate through collagen networks and colonize distant organs.

Additionally, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Cambridge and Oregon Health & Science University has revealed that cancer cells use antioxidants to suppress immune responses. By creating an antioxidant-rich environment, tumor cells can chemically “suffocate” T cells. Since T cells require small amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate and destroy cancer, this antioxidant shield prevents the immune system from effectively attacking the tumor. Researchers suggest this discovery could provide new therapeutic targets for future cancer treatments.