Castro de Monte Mozinho ancient settlement in Portugal

The Castro de Monte Mozinho, often referred to as the ‘Dead City’, is an ancient fortified settlement located in Penafiel, Portugal. Spanning approximately 22 hectares across the parishes of Galegos, Oldrões, and Valpedre, it is recognized as one of the largest Roman-era fortified settlements in northern Portugal.

The site’s history dates back to between the end of the 1st century BC and the beginning of the 1st century AD, a period marked by the expanding Roman influence in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. Archaeological remains reveal a blend of local Castro traditions and Roman influences, featuring both traditional circular houses and newer square or rectangular dwellings.

Though inhabited for several centuries, the settlement was eventually abandoned, likely after the 5th century. Today, the ruins—including stone walls and ancient dwellings—are open to the public free of charge. Notable discoveries at the site include two granite statues of Gallaecian warriors, which are currently held by the Penafiel Municipal Museum.