Chemical analysis reveals new details on ancient Egyptian embalming

Researchers have uncovered new molecular evidence regarding the composition of ancient Egyptian embalming mixtures. A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) suggests that Aloe-derived substances, such as aloeresin, were likely used in the mummification process.

By analyzing 24 samples from museum and university collections—including bandages, residues, and mummified remains—scientists used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify hundreds of chemical signals. This method allowed the team to distinguish specific ingredients that had been obscured by thousands of years of chemical degradation.

The research also investigated 'Mumia vera aegyptiaca', a substance derived from Egyptian mummies that was traded extensively in Arabic and European regions from the Middle Ages until the early 18th century. While historically used to treat wounds, fractures, and hemorrhages, the study provides new insights into its material composition and potential pharmaceutical properties, including possible flu-protecting qualities.