Chernobyl nuclear fuel particles found to be highly stable after 40 years

Researchers from Leibniz University Hannover and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf have conducted a structural analysis of radioactive fragments from the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. By examining six tiny, highly radioactive particles ranging from 8 to 50 micrometers in size, scientists discovered that the nuclear fuel structure has remained significantly more stable over the last 40 years than previously assumed.

The study identified several types of particles. Some remain chemically and physically similar to uranium dioxide nuclear fuel. Others are partially or fully encased in zirconium, which formed when extreme reactor temperatures melted the fuel and fused it with its protective layer. Additionally, some particles formed from uranium oxides due to the graphite moderator fire.

While some materials remain stable, others are unstable and can form microscopic particles easily transported by wind, posing serious inhalation risks. These findings are expected to allow for more precise assessments of the long-term health risks associated with radioactive dust in the exclusion zone.