Childhood myopia risks and prevention

Approximately 15 percent of children are nearsighted by the end of primary school, according to the Kuratorium Gutes Sehen (KGS). Myopia often occurs when the eyeball grows too long, causing light to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it. While glasses can correct this, the physical elongation of the eye is permanent.

While genetics play a significant role—with a 60 percent risk if both parents are nearsighted—environmental factors are also critical. Research indicates that excessive near-work and insufficient time spent outdoors increase the risk of developing myopia. While screen time is a factor, experts from the Stiftung Auge note that current studies do not prove that screen time alone is the sole cause of the condition.

Prof. Bettina Wabbels from the University Eye Clinic Bonn warns that severe myopia can increase the long-term risk of serious retinal diseases. Experts recommend that parents familiarize themselves with controllable risk factors and encourage healthy vision habits in children.