China Accelerates Humanoid Robot Development for Industrial Workforce

China is making humanoid robots a central element of its industrial strategy, funding 40 training centres where the machines practice tasks in realistic settings such as factories, warehouses, smart homes and care facilities. A flagship complex on the outskirts of Beijing spans more than 10,000 m² and recreates 16 different environments, while a Hubei lab has nearly a hundred robots repeatedly folding clothing, ironing and cleaning tables under human supervision.

The government aims to shift many manual jobs to these robots. Chinese firms now account for about 90 % of the roughly 13,000 humanoid robots shipped worldwide last year. Industry analysts estimate the global market could reach $38 billion by 2035, with 250,000 units in operation by 2030. However, with over 150 manufacturers and more than 450,000 companies registered in the robotics sector at the end of 2024, the market faces risks of overcapacity, price wars and subsidised competition.