China’s 100‑GW microwave weapon threatens satellite constellations

Researchers at China’s National University of Defence Technology (NUDT) have published details of a high‑power microwave (HPM) system capable of delivering up to 100 gigawatts of power. The weapon combines several synchronized pulse generators, allowing each compact module to operate near its maximum efficiency while overcoming the electrical‑isolation limits of single‑generator designs. A 1‑GW pulse is already sufficient to cause severe interference or damage to electronics on low‑orbit satellites; a 100‑GW system could therefore neutralise large constellations such as SpaceX’s Starlink. The study describes additional features, including solid‑state variants and a lithium‑ion‑capacitor hybrid that can function at temperatures as low as –40 °C, facilitating deployment on mobile or naval platforms. The authors state that the technology has moved beyond the prototype stage, with some units reportedly delivered to military users, and that China now occupies a leading position in HPM development. They warn that other countries may find it difficult to close the gap because of limited industrial capacity, reduced R&D spending and restricted access to critical materials such as rare‑earth elements.