CIA role in evolving the ‘conspiracy theory’ label

Historical records indicate that while the CIA did not invent the term ‘conspiracy theory’—which dates back to the mid-19th century—the agency played a significant role in transforming it into a label used to discredit critics.

During the Cold War, specifically following the January 23, 1967, declassified document ‘Operation Expedition 1035-960’, the CIA launched a secret psychological operation to counter criticism of the Warren Commission. At the time, approximately 46 percent of Americans doubted the official account regarding Lee Harvey Oswald’s role in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. To protect its credibility, the agency utilized a network of media contacts and public figures to attack the motives of journalists and researchers questioning the official narrative, often portraying them as financially motivated.