Cladophialophora bantiana detections rise in the United States

A study by researchers from the University of Washington and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified a significant rise in cases of Cladophialophora bantiana, a highly virulent fungus that targets the central nervous system. Analysis of data from January 2009 to July 2026 revealed 48 confirmed infections and one probable case across 21 U.S. states and Washington, D.C.

Between 2009 and 2023, detections averaged one to five cases annually. However, cases rose to eight in 2024 and 14 in 2025. The fungus is particularly dangerous due to its 60% to 70% fatality rate, even when treated aggressively. Notably, approximately half of the infected patients did not have weakened immune systems, a departure from many other invasive fungal infections that primarily affect the immunocompromised.

The infection is believed to occur through inhalation or via skin lesions, leading to the development of brain abscesses. While the fungus is rarely isolated from environmental sources and the exact epidemiology remains unclear, researchers urge clinicians to maintain high awareness of the rising incidence in patients presenting with symptoms of a brain abscess.