Climate warming accelerates faster on land than in oceans

Global temperatures have risen by approximately 1.2°C since the pre-industrial era, driven primarily by the amplification of the greenhouse effect through human activities. The combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural practices have significantly increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Notably, atmospheric CO2 levels exceeded 420 ppm in 2023, a level unseen for millions of years.

Sectoral data indicates that energy and transport account for about 73% of global emissions, while agriculture and livestock contribute roughly 18%, largely through methane. Deforestation accounts for 10-12% of emissions.

A phenomenon known as